How Jewish Funerals Are Held

Features and Significance of the Jewish Funeral Rite

Among various religious traditions, Jewish funerals stand out for their simplicity and solemnity. In Judaism, it is believed that every person is equal before the Almighty, regardless of their status in life. This idea is especially evident during the burial. For this reason, the deceased's body is wrapped in a canvas or simple clothing, and the burial takes place without external pomp. A plain wooden coffin is used, and a handful of earth is placed inside. This approach emphasizes respect for the soul of the deceased and strict adherence to religious law.

Preparation for the Funeral: The First Actions After Death

Immediately after the death of a loved one, certain actions take place at the home of the deceased. Those present cover vessels containing liquids as a protective measure. The relatives of the deceased must follow established rules. One of them must stay by the body and recite psalms. It is also important to begin the ritual washing of the body as soon as possible. This is done with cold water and in a specific order. A significant part of the preparation involves dressing the body in tachrichim — a traditional shroud or simple everyday clothes. Cremation is not an option in Judaism — it is strictly prohibited.

Stages of a Jewish Funeral: From Washing to Filling the Grave

Washing and Dressing the Body

The ritual washing of the body is a crucial part of the rite. This process is carried out exclusively by members of a special society called the Chevra Kadisha. The body is positioned vertically and washed with three buckets of water. If there are wounds, the blood is collected, as in Judaism, it is considered sacred and must be buried with the body. After the washing, the body is dressed in clean, though worn, clothing. The key condition is modesty and simplicity. The use of a coffin is only because sanitary regulations require it. A handful of earth is placed inside, symbolizing the return to dust.

Farewell and Transporting the Body

The farewell ceremony takes place with the coffin's lid closed. This is done out of respect for the deceased, to avoid discussion about the appearance of the body. Embalming and cosmetic procedures are not allowed. Until the burial, one of the relatives must remain close to the body. At the cemetery, the coffin is carried by members of the Chevra Kadisha. Along the way to the grave, three stops are made as a sign of respect. The Kaddish prayer is recited over the grave, usually by the eldest son. In conclusion, those present take turns filling the grave, without passing the shovel from hand to hand — it is stuck into the ground after each turn.

Prohibitions and Permitted Actions During the Funeral

During Jewish funerals, there are strict limitations. The body cannot be left alone until the burial is complete. The deceased is buried within 24 hours of death, except for Sabbaths and religious holidays. The Kaddish and other prayers are recited on specific days. It is also forbidden to place decorations or personal belongings in the coffin. The deceased is not adorned with makeup or perfume. These rules are driven by a desire for maximum simplicity, which is considered a sign of respect for the soul of the deceased and equality before death. These restrictions carry deep spiritual meaning.

Signs and Traditions of Jewish Funerals

The traditions of Jewish funerals are filled with symbolism. For example, all liquids in the house where death occurred are covered. This is related to the ancient belief in the presence of the Angel of Death. After visiting the cemetery, it is customary to wash one's shoes and turn them soles up. Flowers are not brought to the grave; instead, small stones are left, symbolizing remembrance. Mourning clothes are torn — this ritual is called "kriya." The tear is made by hand, on the left side for parents and on the right side for others. Women also observe this custom, showing modesty. These actions carry spiritual significance and underline the closeness to the loss.

Mourning in Judaism: Four Stages of Grief

Jewish mourning consists of four periods. The first stage is "onen," from the moment of death until the burial. During this time, relatives do not participate in prayers and focus on preparing for the funeral. The next period is "shiva," the first seven days of mourning. Relatives stay at home, do not change their clothes, and do not engage in entertainment. After that comes "shloshim," the month of mourning, when hygiene procedures are allowed, but not haircuts or attending celebrations. The final stage lasts a year and is observed only for parents. During this time, holidays and loud music are prohibited. This expresses deep respect for the memory of the deceased.

Memorial Rituals and Days of Remembrance

Judaism forbids holding a memorial meal on the day of burial. Instead, the relatives eat the "Seudat Nechama" (Meal of Comfort), consisting of round-shaped foods, such as eggs or rolls. These foods symbolize Eternity. Prayers, including Kaddish, Yizkor, and Askara, are recited on specific days of the year. Special significance is attached to the anniversary — "yahrzeit." A candle is lit the night before and burns until sunset the following day. On this day, the deceased is remembered, the Torah is read, and charity is given. These traditions emphasize the importance of spiritual connection with the soul of the departed and preserve their memory within the family.

Tombstone and Visiting the Cemetery

Jewish cemeteries feature "matzevot" — simple vertical stones with inscriptions in Hebrew. According to tradition, images of people, animals, or photographs are not depicted on the tombstone. Modest ornamentation is allowed. The tombstone may be placed either a week or a year after the burial. When visiting the grave, it is customary to pray, recall the good deeds of the deceased, and leave a stone on the tombstone. Only one grave is visited per visit. These customs highlight the respectful attitude toward the deceased and reinforce the spiritual bond between generations in Jewish tradition.

Conclusion

Funeral rituals in Judaism are filled with profound meaning. The simplicity of the ceremony, the strictness of the rituals, and the attention to detail all emphasize respect for the soul of the deceased. The support of loved ones, recitation of prayers, observance of mourning, and rejection of ostentatious farewells form a holistic approach to a person's departure from life. Respect for the memory of the deceased is expressed not in pomp but in adherence to traditions. Understanding how Jews bury their loved ones allows one to appreciate the spiritual meaning of these actions and pay a final tribute with due reverence and humility.

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